Paul M. Krueger

Elizabeth I is crowned Queen of England and Ireland in Westminster Abbey, London.

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ㅤElizabeth I, the last Tudor monarch, reigned over England and Ireland for 44 years. Her path to the throne was marked by turmoil, including her mother’s execution and her own imprisonment under her half-sister, Queen Mary. Despite these challenges, Elizabeth established a stable Protestant church and skillfully navigated complex religious and political landscapes, relying on trusted advisors like William Cecil. Known as the “Virgin Queen” for her decision to never marry, Elizabeth’s reign was defined by moderation, tolerance, and a cautious approach to foreign affairs.

ㅤThe Elizabethan era became a golden age for England, witnessing a flourishing of drama with playwrights like Shakespeare, maritime exploration led by Drake and Raleigh, and the historic defeat of the Spanish Armada. While some historians point to Elizabeth’s flaws, she is widely remembered as a charismatic leader who provided stability and fostered a strong sense of national identity during a time of great change and uncertainty in Europe.